of lots in response to a question (1 Sam 14:41–42). The best guess is that in this case it was an oracle to an officer, but that is to speculate outside the narrative presentation. But we do know that the disclosure of permit was taken seriously, not doubted, regarded as valid, and acted upon. What is revealed is that Yahweh is allied with the marginalized, oppressed peasants against the monopoly of the city-state. It is not a summons to violence (though its practice might be construed so) but only